A reading lamp is built for one purpose. To make reading easier.
It gives you focused light on a book, magazine, or tablet without flooding the entire room with brightness. That targeted beam helps reduce eye strain and keeps the page clear and comfortable to look at.
Reading lamps show up in different forms. Some are table lamps next to a sofa or bed. Others are floor lamps that arc over a chair. There are also wall mounted versions with swing arms that let you pull the light closer.
The important part is direction and brightness. The lamp should be bright enough to see clearly but not harsh. Ideally, it sits slightly behind or to the side of your shoulder so your head does not cast a shadow on the page.
Unlike general lighting, a reading lamp is personal. It serves one seat, one corner, one moment.
It is a small thing that makes a long evening with a good book much more comfortable.